Read the passage given below and then answer the questions given below the passage. The term alchemy refers to a number of diverse practices around the world. Some are largely chemical, although they often also have at least a philosophical component. Some forms, particularly intellectual Western a

Read the passage given below and then answer the questions given below the passage.

The term alchemy refers to a number of diverse practices around the world. Some are largely chemical, although they often also have at least a philosophical component. Some forms, particularly intellectual Western alchemy, also have a strong theological component. Western alchemy is generally considered a part of occultism because it seeks information beyond what is immediately obvious.

Among intellectuals, alchemy was primarily a spiritual pursuit. Stories of such things as transforming lead into gold were meant as metaphors, not literal pursuit, although some alchemists probably pursued both, believing that understanding how to transform actual lead into the gold would give them the knowledge to transform a gross spirit into a refined, enlightened one more in tune with the divine world. This understanding of alchemy was heavily influenced by Hermeticism. Hermeticism is the branch of alchemy influenced by Hermes Trismegistus.

There were also charlatans who promised nothing more than a get-rich-quick scheme. For a fee, they would theoretically transform lead into gold, but in reality, would skip town before they could be called upon to deliver.

The most well-known goal of the alchemists is the transmutation of lead into gold. ​The element of lead was seen as the basest of the metals, as it was dull, ugly, easy to come by, and malleable. In elemental terms, it bore a great amount of earth, the most inferior of the four elements.It was also associated with Saturn, the most negative of the planets, which represented things like depression and general sluggishness.

Gold, on the other hand, was considered the most perfect of all the metals. It is difficult to come by. It is pleasing to the eye. It's brilliant color and shine ties it strongly to the Sun, the most positive of the planets, burning with the life-giving, fiery light of God. It is neither overly stubborn (like iron) nor overly malleable. Thus, transforming lead into gold was analogous to transforming the common human soul into something more refined, rare and enlightened.

Which of the following was the primary aim of most alchemists?
1). Turning gold into iron
2). Turning silver into gold
3). Turning lead into gold
4). Turning iron ore into gold

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