Read the passage given below and then answer the questions given below the passage. Some words may be highlighted for your attention. Read carefully. Discrimination, prejudice and stereotypes are commonly found among human societies and yet, people find themselves in denial of them. It is implicitl

Read the passage given below and then answer the questions given below the passage. Some words may be highlighted for your attention. Read carefully.

Discrimination, prejudice and stereotypes are commonly found among human societies and yet, people find themselves in denial of them. It is implicitly found in many than not and we all try to either out rightly say we do not have such mental notions or simply become ignorant and stick with the believes. As humans, it is our tendency to look at things, whether we are direct participants or observers of it, and make certain judgments regarding the same. These judgments can be called our appraisals and the things, person or situation can be called as the stimuli. Stereotypes are the beliefs or the cognitive aspect that we have toward stimuli, prejudice is the emotional response or the affect aspect that stems from our stereotypical thoughts and discrimination is the display of actions or the behavioral aspect on the stimuli based on the stereotypical belief that we hold. In simpler words, what we think is stereotype, what we feel is prejudice and what we exhibit as behavior is discrimination. They are mostly negative and untrue because they come without any proper validation or contact of the correct information. Being in denial and implicitly holding these beliefs can be detrimental to self and the environment and it is important to address them in order to resolve any negative notion. The most effective way is direct communication with the stimuli involved as this gives a chance to actually see and re-evaluate our appraisals regarding our previously held beliefs. Working around our stereotypes is better way of dealing with it rather than just sitting on them and keeping them to self. If this were to be employed in reality, the cases of communalism, racism, sexism and many more of such harmful notions could be brought down to a good extent. At the same time, for that to happen, it is important to facilitate independent and rational thinking as well.

What is the proper definition of the term appraisal mentioned in the given passage?

1). Praising people on their personalities
2). Evaluations of surrounding stimuli
3). Remarking on others
4). Grading others based on their actions

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