Read the passage given below and then answer the questions given below the passage. Apartheid is an Afrikaans word that means "separation." It is the name given to the particular racial-social ideology developed in South Africa during the twentieth century. The system was based on white supremacy&n

Read the passage given below and then answer the questions given below the passage.

Apartheid is an Afrikaans word that means "separation." It is the name given to the particular racial-social ideology developed in South Africa during the twentieth century. The system was based on white supremacy and the repression of the black majority. At its core, apartheid was all about racial segregation. It led to the political and economic discrimination which separated Black (or Bantu), Coloured (mixed race), Indian, and White South Africans.

Over time, apartheid was divided into petty and grand apartheid. Petty apartheid referred to the visible segregation in South Africa while grand apartheid was used to describe the loss of political and land rights of black South Africans. Many people fought against apartheid over the decades and this era produced a number of notable figures. Among them, Nelson Mandela is probably the most recognized. After his imprisonment, he would become the first democratically elected president by every citizen—black and white—of South Africa.

Other notable names include early ANC members such as Chief Albert Luthuli and Walter Sisulu. Luthuli was a leader in the non-violent pass law protests for the national congress party and the first African to win the Nobel Prize for Peace in 1960. Sisulu was a mixed-race South African who worked alongside Mandela through many key events. Steve Biko was a leader of the country's Black Consciousness Movement. He was considered a martyr to many in the anti-apartheid fight after his 1977 death in a Pretoria prison cell.

Segregation and racial hatred have been witnessed in many countries throughout the world in various ways. What makes South Africa's apartheid era unique is the systematic way in which the National Party formalized it through the law. Apartheid legislation was repealed in 1991, and a non-racial government was established following national elections in 1994.

ANC represents the abbreviated form of which of the following?
1). African National Communist party
2). African National Congregation
3). African National Congress
4). African Native Conclave

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