Read the passage carefully and answer the questions given below it. Certain words have been highlighted for your attention. Once again, a vigorous monsoon so vital to India’s economic fortunes has left some states in shambles. From Assam to Karnataka, heavy rainfall in a short span of time ha

Read the passage carefully and answer the questions given below it. Certain words have been highlighted for your attention.

Once again, a vigorous monsoon so vital to India’s economic fortunes has left some states in shambles. From Assam to Karnataka, heavy rainfall in a short span of time has created paralyzing floods that have taken a heavy toll on life, wiped out crops and destroyed hard-earned assets. When the waters recede, a familiar cycle of assessment of damage by Central teams, preparation of loss estimates and expensive restoration work such as repairs to river embankments, will follow. In Assam, where 31 deaths have been recorded already, there are projects to strengthen the embankments of the heavily silted Brahmaputra; the Flood Control Department as well as the disaster relief force have well-funded budgets. Yet, the hundreds of crores of rupees periodically spent on flood preparation, relief and mitigation research in the State have not yielded a protocol that reduces the impact of heavy rain.

The swollen river invariably dissolves the weak earthen embankments overnight. Now that another furious season is providing fresh insight into the causes, effects, and impact of rain and floods in northeastern India and elsewhere, it is time the Centre took a coordinated view in tackling the crisis. To begin with, it has to review the efficacy of the flood forecasts issued by nearly 180 specialized stations now in operation, and the pattern of responses of the 19 States and Union Territories that receive these alerts.

Urban India is no less traumatized by floods, but city governments have not learned too many lessons from devastation and losses. The scenes of gridlock and frustration in Gurgaon, Bengaluru, and Delhi last week travelled around the world, just months after the disaster in Chennai. Can there be a surgical solution to sclerotic urban planning? The spectacle of flooding and destruction should convince the Environment Ministry that it is retrograde to sanction large real estate projects without an environmental impact assessment.

Which of the following words is the most similar in meaning to the word ‘sclerotic’ as given in the passage?​​

1). Adaptive
2). Thoughtful
3). Smooth
4). Unresponsive

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