Improve the bracketed part of the sentence.
The doctor (has go out) to check on a patient yesterday.
No improvement
The sentence uses the word 'yesterday', which indicates a definite time period when the activity shown by the verb happened. So, the correct tense here would past perfect 'had' and not present perfect 'has'.
Present perfect 'has' would be used for something that has recently happened and if it is a recurring activity. But, whenever a definite time in the past has been given, past perfect tense is the correct tense to be used.
Therefore, the correct answer is option 2.
Improved sentence - The doctor $had go out to check $on a patient yesterday.$