Differentiate the following and give examples of each:
(a) Innate and acquired immunity
(b) Active and passive immunity
(a) Innate and acquired immunity
Innate immunity | Acquired immunity | ||
1. | It is a non−pathogen specific type of defense mechanism. | 1. | It is a pathogen specific type of defense mechanism. |
2. | It is inherited from parents and protects the individual since birth. | 2. | It is acquired after the birth of an individual. |
3. | It operates by providing barriers against the entry of foreign infectious agents. | 3. | It operates by producing primary and secondary responses, which are mediated by B−lymphocytes and T-lymphocytes. |
4 | It does not have a specific memory. | 4 | It is characterized by an immunological memory. |
(b) Active and passive immunity
Active immunity | Passive immunity | ||
1. | It is a type of acquired immunity in which the body produces its own antibodies against disease-causing antigens. | 1. | It is a type of acquired immunity in which readymade antibodies are transferred from one individual to another. |
2. | It has a long lasting effect. | 2. | It does not have long lasting effect. |
3. | It is slow. It takes time in producing antibodies and giving responses. | 3. | It is fast. It provides immediate relief. |
4. | Injecting microbes through vaccination inside the body is an example of active immunity. | 4. | Transfer of antibodies present in the mother’s milk to the infant is an example of passive immunity. |
1. The right portion of human heart receives ______ blood.
2. Innate immune system defenses include
3. Potato, tomato and brinjal are three different species but all belong to which genus?
4. Lobsters belong to which one of the following classes of organisms?
5. Bacteria are (were) considered more as plants than animals because of the presence of
6. The animal which can tolerate more summer heat is
7. Question 5:What is the difference between direct and indirect development?
8. Double helix model of DNA is given by
9. Which of these statements is true of the kingdom protista?
10. Which of the following is the largest phylum in the animal kingdom in respect of number of species?