Direction: Below, a passage is given with ten blanks labelled (A)-(J). Below the passage, five options are given for each blank. Choose the word that fits each blank most appropriately in the context of the passage, and mark the corresponding answer. The Arab Spring, the uprising that rapidly sprea

Direction: Below, a passage is given with ten blanks labelled (A)-(J). Below the passage, five options are given for each blank. Choose the word that fits each blank most appropriately in the context of the passage, and mark the corresponding answer.

The Arab Spring, the uprising that rapidly spread through the Middle East in 2010-11, can be attributed to long-simmering _(A)_ resulting from unworthy employment. When the Arab Spring was triggered, one in every four young Egyptian and Tunisian was unemployed. Closer home, we have seen the results of unemployment bubble over many times. In 2016, just a week-long agitation in north India is estimated to have resulted in an economic loss of between Rs 20,000 to Rs 34,000 crore – providing a realistic view of what unrest can _(B)_. Inability to find jobs matching education undertaken is a big issue today. The nation’s education system seems to have created an army of unemployable graduates, leading to insecurity and unemployment. This scenario has repeated itself in the last couple of years.

While India’s economy has been growing, job creation has not kept pace. Unemployment has been on the rise. The results of the Organisation of Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) India Economic Survey 2017 reflect this. According to the survey’s findings, more than 30% of Indians in the 15 to 29 years age group were not employed. In March 2018, the Centre for Monitoring the Indian Economy made unemployment figures more _(C)_. CMIE found that there were about 31 million unemployed youth in India as of February 2018. In relation, job creation in 2018 was estimated to be a mere 600,000.

For India, this presents a serious threat to economic development and to the very foundation of our democracy. On the other hand, it is _(D)_ evident that employment generation is the silver bullet to solving the developmental challenges faced by India. Creating employment solves three major problems. It addresses social unrest and crime; poverty and hunger; health and wellbeing. These are key factors responsible for the quality of life. They determine the stability of a nation.

Businesses are naturally concerned. Job creation is the _(E)_ to the problem. Jobs bring people together, allow everyone to experience new ideas, build self-esteem and increase trust between people. In 2015 around 170 million people or 12.4% of the population, continued to live in poverty (defined as the ability to live on Rs 123.50 a day). With no social security and a complete dependence on _(F)_, the only escape route for them is through employment. With the rapid growth in GDP, the gulf between haves and have-nots will increase if newer job opportunities are not created.

Long-term unemployment results in loss of skills, erosion of the professional network, strengthens the perception of being unemployable and brings _(G)_ depression. This can rapidly _(H)_ into the inability to pay for medical insurance or address family healthcare needs. It is essential that early steps be taken to break the unemployment-poverty-health cycle by creating programmes that make the unemployed productive – so that they can access regular income, stay healthy and contribute to GDP.

If visible employment opportunities are created, families will be _(I)_ to invest in education. The rewards can be substantial: The World Bank says that each additional year of education has the power to increase wages by 10%. In addition, policymakers must bear in mind that the traditional approaches to job markets have taken a dramatic turn, calling for newer thinking. For example, the informal sector is giving birth to a new breed of successful and respected entrepreneurs. Also, upskilling the existing workforce with skill sets for disruptive industries and jobs of the future is a new dimension.

The bottom line is clear: job creation is the solution. But the relationship between growth, employment and education is a complex one calling for careful _(J)_.

 Which of these words appropriately fits the blank labelled (J)?
1). Perpetuation 
2). Predation 
3). Coinsure
4). Quest 

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